Package com.google.common.collect

Source Code of com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedSet$Builder

/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 The Guava Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;

import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.SortedSet;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
* An immutable {@code SortedSet} that stores its elements in a sorted array.
* Some instances are ordered by an explicit comparator, while others follow the
* natural sort ordering of their elements. Either way, null elements are not
* supported.
*
* <p>Unlike {@link Collections#unmodifiableSortedSet}, which is a <i>view</i>
* of a separate collection that can still change, an instance of {@code
* ImmutableSortedSet} contains its own private data and will <i>never</i>
* change. This class is convenient for {@code public static final} sets
* ("constant sets") and also lets you easily make a "defensive copy" of a set
* provided to your class by a caller.
*
* <p>The sets returned by the {@link #headSet}, {@link #tailSet}, and
* {@link #subSet} methods share the same array as the original set, preventing
* that array from being garbage collected. If this is a concern, the data may
* be copied into a correctly-sized array by calling {@link #copyOfSorted}.
*
* <p><b>Note on element equivalence:</b> The {@link #contains(Object)},
* {@link #containsAll(Collection)}, and {@link #equals(Object)}
* implementations must check whether a provided object is equivalent to an
* element in the collection. Unlike most collections, an
* {@code ImmutableSortedSet} doesn't use {@link Object#equals} to determine if
* two elements are equivalent. Instead, with an explicit comparator, the
* following relation determines whether elements {@code x} and {@code y} are
* equivalent: <pre>   {@code
*
*   {(x, y) | comparator.compare(x, y) == 0}}</pre>
*
* With natural ordering of elements, the following relation determines whether
* two elements are equivalent: <pre>   {@code
*
*   {(x, y) | x.compareTo(y) == 0}}</pre>
*
* <b>Warning:</b> Like most sets, an {@code ImmutableSortedSet} will not
* function correctly if an element is modified after being placed in the set.
* For this reason, and to avoid general confusion, it is strongly recommended
* to place only immutable objects into this collection.
*
* <p><b>Note</b>: Although this class is not final, it cannot be subclassed as
* it has no public or protected constructors. Thus, instances of this type are
* guaranteed to be immutable.
*
* @see ImmutableSet
* @author Jared Levy
* @author Louis Wasserman
* @since Guava release 02 (imported from Google Collections Library)
*/
// TODO(benyu): benchmark and optimize all creation paths, which are a mess now
@GwtCompatible(serializable = true, emulated = true)
@SuppressWarnings("serial") // we're overriding default serialization
public abstract class ImmutableSortedSet<E>
    extends ImmutableSortedSetFauxverideShim<E> implements SortedSet<E> {

  private static final Comparator<Comparable> NATURAL_ORDER =
      Ordering.natural();

  private static final ImmutableSortedSet<Comparable> NATURAL_EMPTY_SET =
      new EmptyImmutableSortedSet<Comparable>(NATURAL_ORDER);

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> emptySet() {
    return (ImmutableSortedSet<E>) NATURAL_EMPTY_SET;
  }

  static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> emptySet(
      Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
    if (NATURAL_ORDER.equals(comparator)) {
      return emptySet();
    } else {
      return new EmptyImmutableSortedSet<E>(comparator);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the empty immutable sorted set.
   */
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of() {
    return emptySet();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing a single element.
   */
  public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of(
      E element) {
    return new RegularImmutableSortedSet<E>(
        ImmutableList.of(element), Ordering.natural());
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@link Comparable#compareTo}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element is null
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of(
      E e1, E e2) {
    return copyOf(Ordering.natural(), Arrays.asList(e1, e2));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@link Comparable#compareTo}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element is null
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of(
      E e1, E e2, E e3) {
    return copyOf(Ordering.natural(), Arrays.asList(e1, e2, e3));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@link Comparable#compareTo}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element is null
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of(
      E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4) {
    return copyOf(Ordering.natural(), Arrays.asList(e1, e2, e3, e4));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@link Comparable#compareTo}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element is null
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of(
      E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5) {
    return copyOf(Ordering.natural(), Arrays.asList(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@link Comparable#compareTo}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element is null
   * @since Guava release 03 (source-compatible since release 02)
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of(
      E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E... remaining) {
    int size = remaining.length + 6;
    List<E> all = new ArrayList<E>(size);
    Collections.addAll(all, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6);
    Collections.addAll(all, remaining);
    return copyOf(Ordering.natural(), all);
  }

  // TODO(kevinb): Consider factory methods that reject duplicates

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@link Comparable#compareTo}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of {@code elements} is null
   * @deprecated use {@link #copyOf(Comparable[])}. <b>This method is scheduled
   *     for deletion in October 2011.</b>
   * @since Guava release 02 (changed from varargs in release 03)
   */
  @Deprecated
  public
  static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> of(
      E[] elements) {
    return copyOf(elements);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@link Comparable#compareTo}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of {@code elements} is null
   * @since Guava release 03
   */
  public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOf(
      E[] elements) {
    return copyOf(Ordering.natural(), Arrays.asList(elements));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@code compareTo()}, only the first one specified is included. To create a
   * copy of a {@code SortedSet} that preserves the comparator, call {@link
   * #copyOfSorted} instead. This method iterates over {@code elements} at most
   * once.

   *
   * <p>Note that if {@code s} is a {@code Set<String>}, then {@code
   * ImmutableSortedSet.copyOf(s)} returns an {@code ImmutableSortedSet<String>}
   * containing each of the strings in {@code s}, while {@code
   * ImmutableSortedSet.of(s)} returns an {@code
   * ImmutableSortedSet<Set<String>>} containing one element (the given set
   * itself).
   *
   * <p>Despite the method name, this method attempts to avoid actually copying
   * the data when it is safe to do so. The exact circumstances under which a
   * copy will or will not be performed are undocumented and subject to change.
   *
   * <p>This method is not type-safe, as it may be called on elements that are
   * not mutually comparable.
   *
   * @throws ClassCastException if the elements are not mutually comparable
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of {@code elements} is null
   */
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOf(
      Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
    // Hack around E not being a subtype of Comparable.
    // Unsafe, see ImmutableSortedSetFauxverideShim.
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Ordering<E> naturalOrder = (Ordering<E>) Ordering.<Comparable>natural();
    return copyOf(naturalOrder, elements);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@code compareTo()}, only the first one specified is included. To create a
   * copy of a {@code SortedSet} that preserves the comparator, call
   * {@link #copyOfSorted} instead. This method iterates over {@code elements}
   * at most once.
   *
   * <p>Note that if {@code s} is a {@code Set<String>}, then
   * {@code ImmutableSortedSet.copyOf(s)} returns an
   * {@code ImmutableSortedSet<String>} containing each of the strings in
   * {@code s}, while {@code ImmutableSortedSet.of(s)} returns an
   * {@code ImmutableSortedSet<Set<String>>} containing one element (the given
   * set itself).
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> Despite what the method name suggests, if {@code elements}
   * is an {@code ImmutableSortedSet}, it may be returned instead of a copy.
   *
   * <p>This method is not type-safe, as it may be called on elements that are
   * not mutually comparable.
   *
   * <p>This method is safe to use even when {@code elements} is a synchronized
   * or concurrent collection that is currently being modified by another
   * thread.
   *
   * @throws ClassCastException if the elements are not mutually comparable
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of {@code elements} is null
   * @since Guava release 07 (source-compatible since release 02)
   */
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOf(
      Collection<? extends E> elements) {
    // Hack around E not being a subtype of Comparable.
    // Unsafe, see ImmutableSortedSetFauxverideShim.
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Ordering<E> naturalOrder = (Ordering<E>) Ordering.<Comparable>natural();
    return copyOf(naturalOrder, elements);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * their natural ordering. When multiple elements are equivalent according to
   * {@code compareTo()}, only the first one specified is included.
   *
   * <p>This method is not type-safe, as it may be called on elements that are
   * not mutually comparable.
   *
   * @throws ClassCastException if the elements are not mutually comparable
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of {@code elements} is null
   */
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOf(
      Iterator<? extends E> elements) {
    // Hack around E not being a subtype of Comparable.
    // Unsafe, see ImmutableSortedSetFauxverideShim.
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Ordering<E> naturalOrder = (Ordering<E>) Ordering.<Comparable>natural();
    return copyOfInternal(naturalOrder, elements);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * the given {@code Comparator}. When multiple elements are equivalent
   * according to {@code compareTo()}, only the first one specified is
   * included.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code comparator} or any of
   *     {@code elements} is null
   */
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOf(
      Comparator<? super E> comparator, Iterator<? extends E> elements) {
    checkNotNull(comparator);
    return copyOfInternal(comparator, elements);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * the given {@code Comparator}. When multiple elements are equivalent
   * according to {@code compare()}, only the first one specified is
   * included. This method iterates over {@code elements} at most once.
   *
   * <p>Despite the method name, this method attempts to avoid actually copying
   * the data when it is safe to do so. The exact circumstances under which a
   * copy will or will not be performed are undocumented and subject to change.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code comparator} or any of {@code
   *         elements} is null
   */
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOf(
      Comparator<? super E> comparator, Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
    checkNotNull(comparator);
    return copyOfInternal(comparator, elements, false);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the given elements sorted by
   * the given {@code Comparator}. When multiple elements are equivalent
   * according to {@code compareTo()}, only the first one specified is
   * included.
   *
   * <p>Despite the method name, this method attempts to avoid actually copying
   * the data when it is safe to do so. The exact circumstances under which a
   * copy will or will not be performed are undocumented and subject to change.
   *
   * <p>This method is safe to use even when {@code elements} is a synchronized
   * or concurrent collection that is currently being modified by another
   * thread.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code comparator} or any of
   *     {@code elements} is null
   * @since Guava release 07 (source-compatible since release 02)
   */
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOf(
      Comparator<? super E> comparator, Collection<? extends E> elements) {
    checkNotNull(comparator);
    return copyOfInternal(comparator, elements, false);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable sorted set containing the elements of a sorted set,
   * sorted by the same {@code Comparator}. That behavior differs from {@link
   * #copyOf(Iterable)}, which always uses the natural ordering of the
   * elements.
   *
   * <p>Despite the method name, this method attempts to avoid actually copying
   * the data when it is safe to do so. The exact circumstances under which a
   * copy will or will not be performed are undocumented and subject to change.
   *
   * <p>This method is safe to use even when {@code sortedSet} is a synchronized
   * or concurrent collection that is currently being modified by another
   * thread.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code sortedSet} or any of its elements
   *     is null
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOfSorted(SortedSet<E> sortedSet) {
    Comparator<? super E> comparator = sortedSet.comparator();
    if (comparator == null) {
      comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) NATURAL_ORDER;
    }
    return copyOfInternal(comparator, sortedSet, true);
  }

  // TODO(user): replace with SortedCollections redirect
  private static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOfInternal(
      Comparator<? super E> comparator, Iterable<? extends E> elements,
      boolean fromSortedSet) {
    boolean hasSameComparator
        = fromSortedSet || hasSameComparator(elements, comparator);

    if (hasSameComparator && (elements instanceof ImmutableSortedSet)) {
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      ImmutableSortedSet<E> original = (ImmutableSortedSet<E>) elements;
      if (original.isEmpty()) {
        return original;
      }
      ImmutableList<E> elementsList = original.asList();
      ImmutableList<E> copiedElementsList = ImmutableList.copyOf(elements);
      if (elementsList == copiedElementsList) {
        return original;
      }
      return new RegularImmutableSortedSet<E>(copiedElementsList, comparator);
    }

    ImmutableList<E> list =
        immutableSortedUniqueCopy(comparator, Lists.newArrayList(elements));
    if (list.isEmpty()) {
      return emptySet(comparator);
    }
    return new RegularImmutableSortedSet<E>(list, comparator);
  }

  private static <E> ImmutableSortedSet<E> copyOfInternal(
      Comparator<? super E> comparator, Iterator<? extends E> elements) {
    if (!elements.hasNext()) {
      return emptySet(comparator);
    }
    ImmutableList<E> list =
        immutableSortedUniqueCopy(comparator, Lists.newArrayList(elements));
    return new RegularImmutableSortedSet<E>(list, comparator);
  }

  /**
   * The list will get modified. Sorts the list, eliminates duplicate elements,
   * returns an immutable copy.
   */
  private static <E> ImmutableList<E> immutableSortedUniqueCopy(
      Comparator<? super E> comparator, List<E> list) {
    if (list.isEmpty()) {
      return ImmutableList.of();
    }
    Collections.sort(list, comparator);
    int size = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < list.size(); i++) {
      E elem = list.get(i);
      if (comparator.compare(elem, list.get(size - 1)) != 0) {
        list.set(size++, elem);
      }
    }
    return ImmutableList.copyOf(list.subList(0, size));
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if {@code elements} is a {@code SortedSet} that uses
   * {@code comparator} to order its elements. Note that equivalent comparators
   * may still return {@code false}, if {@code equals} doesn't consider them
   * equal. If one comparator is {@code null} and the other is
   * {@link Ordering#natural()}, this method returns {@code true}.
   */
  static boolean hasSameComparator(
      Iterable<?> elements, Comparator<?> comparator) {
    if (elements instanceof SortedSet) {
      SortedSet<?> sortedSet = (SortedSet<?>) elements;
      Comparator<?> comparator2 = sortedSet.comparator();
      return (comparator2 == null)
          ? comparator == Ordering.natural()
          : comparator.equals(comparator2);
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a builder that creates immutable sorted sets with an explicit
   * comparator. If the comparator has a more general type than the set being
   * generated, such as creating a {@code SortedSet<Integer>} with a
   * {@code Comparator<Number>}, use the {@link Builder} constructor instead.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code comparator} is null
   */
  public static <E> Builder<E> orderedBy(Comparator<E> comparator) {
    return new Builder<E>(comparator);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a builder that creates immutable sorted sets whose elements are
   * ordered by the reverse of their natural ordering.
   *
   * <p>Note: the type parameter {@code E} extends {@code Comparable<E>} rather
   * than {@code Comparable<? super E>} as a workaround for javac <a
   * href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6468354">bug
   * 6468354</a>.
   */
  public static <E extends Comparable<E>> Builder<E> reverseOrder() {
    return new Builder<E>(Ordering.natural().reverse());
  }

  /**
   * Returns a builder that creates immutable sorted sets whose elements are
   * ordered by their natural ordering. The sorted sets use {@link
   * Ordering#natural()} as the comparator. This method provides more
   * type-safety than {@link #builder}, as it can be called only for classes
   * that implement {@link Comparable}.
   *
   * <p>Note: the type parameter {@code E} extends {@code Comparable<E>} rather
   * than {@code Comparable<? super E>} as a workaround for javac <a
   * href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6468354">bug
   * 6468354</a>.
   */
  public static <E extends Comparable<E>> Builder<E> naturalOrder() {
    return new Builder<E>(Ordering.natural());
  }

  /**
   * A builder for creating immutable sorted set instances, especially {@code
   * public static final} sets ("constant sets"), with a given comparator.
   * Example: <pre>   {@code
   *
   *   public static final ImmutableSortedSet<Number> LUCKY_NUMBERS =
   *       new ImmutableSortedSet.Builder<Number>(ODDS_FIRST_COMPARATOR)
   *           .addAll(SINGLE_DIGIT_PRIMES)
   *           .add(42)
   *           .build();}</pre>
   *
   * Builder instances can be reused; it is safe to call {@link #build} multiple
   * times to build multiple sets in series. Each set is a superset of the set
   * created before it.
   *
   * @since Guava release 02 (imported from Google Collections Library)
   */
  public static final class Builder<E> extends ImmutableSet.Builder<E> {
    private final Comparator<? super E> comparator;

    /**
     * Creates a new builder. The returned builder is equivalent to the builder
     * generated by {@link ImmutableSortedSet#orderedBy}.
     */
    public Builder(Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
      this.comparator = checkNotNull(comparator);
    }

    /**
     * Adds {@code element} to the {@code ImmutableSortedSet}.  If the
     * {@code ImmutableSortedSet} already contains {@code element}, then
     * {@code add} has no effect. (only the previously added element
     * is retained).
     *
     * @param element the element to add
     * @return this {@code Builder} object
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code element} is null
     */
    @Override public Builder<E> add(E element) {
      super.add(element);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Adds each element of {@code elements} to the {@code ImmutableSortedSet},
     * ignoring duplicate elements (only the first duplicate element is added).
     *
     * @param elements the elements to add
     * @return this {@code Builder} object
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code elements} contains a null element
     */
    @Override public Builder<E> add(E... elements) {
      super.add(elements);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Adds each element of {@code elements} to the {@code ImmutableSortedSet},
     * ignoring duplicate elements (only the first duplicate element is added).
     *
     * @param elements the elements to add to the {@code ImmutableSortedSet}
     * @return this {@code Builder} object
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code elements} contains a null element
     */
    @Override public Builder<E> addAll(Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
      super.addAll(elements);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Adds each element of {@code elements} to the {@code ImmutableSortedSet},
     * ignoring duplicate elements (only the first duplicate element is added).
     *
     * @param elements the elements to add to the {@code ImmutableSortedSet}
     * @return this {@code Builder} object
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code elements} contains a null element
     */
    @Override public Builder<E> addAll(Iterator<? extends E> elements) {
      super.addAll(elements);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a newly-created {@code ImmutableSortedSet} based on the contents
     * of the {@code Builder} and its comparator.
     */
    @Override public ImmutableSortedSet<E> build() {
      return copyOfInternal(comparator, contents.iterator());
    }
  }

  int unsafeCompare(Object a, Object b) {
    return unsafeCompare(comparator, a, b);
  }

  static int unsafeCompare(
      Comparator<?> comparator, Object a, Object b) {
    // Pretend the comparator can compare anything. If it turns out it can't
    // compare a and b, we should get a CCE on the subsequent line. Only methods
    // that are spec'd to throw CCE should call this.
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Comparator<Object> unsafeComparator = (Comparator<Object>) comparator;
    return unsafeComparator.compare(a, b);
  }

  final transient Comparator<? super E> comparator;

  ImmutableSortedSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
    this.comparator = comparator;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the comparator that orders the elements, which is
   * {@link Ordering#natural()} when the natural ordering of the
   * elements is used. Note that its behavior is not consistent with
   * {@link SortedSet#comparator()}, which returns {@code null} to indicate
   * natural ordering.
   */
  @Override
  public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
    return comparator;
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p>This method returns a serializable {@code ImmutableSortedSet}.
   *
   * <p>The {@link SortedSet#headSet} documentation states that a subset of a
   * subset throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if passed a
   * {@code toElement} greater than an earlier {@code toElement}. However, this
   * method doesn't throw an exception in that situation, but instead keeps the
   * original {@code toElement}.
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableSortedSet<E> headSet(E toElement) {
    return headSet(toElement, false);
  }

  ImmutableSortedSet<E> headSet(E toElement, boolean inclusive) {
    return headSetImpl(checkNotNull(toElement), inclusive);
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p>This method returns a serializable {@code ImmutableSortedSet}.
   *
   * <p>The {@link SortedSet#subSet} documentation states that a subset of a
   * subset throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if passed a
   * {@code fromElement} smaller than an earlier {@code fromElement}. However,
   * this method doesn't throw an exception in that situation, but instead keeps
   * the original {@code fromElement}. Similarly, this method keeps the
   * original {@code toElement}, instead of throwing an exception, if passed a
   * {@code toElement} greater than an earlier {@code toElement}.
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableSortedSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement) {
    return subSet(fromElement, true, toElement, false);
  }

  ImmutableSortedSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, boolean fromInclusive, E toElement,
      boolean toInclusive) {
    checkNotNull(fromElement);
    checkNotNull(toElement);
    checkArgument(comparator.compare(fromElement, toElement) <= 0);
    return subSetImpl(fromElement, fromInclusive, toElement, toInclusive);
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p>This method returns a serializable {@code ImmutableSortedSet}.
   *
   * <p>The {@link SortedSet#tailSet} documentation states that a subset of a
   * subset throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if passed a
   * {@code fromElement} smaller than an earlier {@code fromElement}. However,
   * this method doesn't throw an exception in that situation, but instead keeps
   * the original {@code fromElement}.
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableSortedSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement) {
    return tailSet(fromElement, true);
  }

  ImmutableSortedSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement, boolean inclusive) {
    return tailSetImpl(checkNotNull(fromElement), inclusive);
  }

  /*
   * These methods perform most headSet, subSet, and tailSet logic, besides
   * parameter validation.
   */
  abstract ImmutableSortedSet<E> headSetImpl(E toElement, boolean inclusive);

  abstract ImmutableSortedSet<E> subSetImpl(E fromElement, boolean fromInclusive, E toElement,
      boolean toInclusive);

  abstract ImmutableSortedSet<E> tailSetImpl(E fromElement, boolean inclusive);

  /**
   * Returns the position of an element within the set, or -1 if not present.
   */
  abstract int indexOf(@Nullable Object target);

  /*
   * This class is used to serialize all ImmutableSortedSet instances,
   * regardless of implementation type. It captures their "logical contents"
   * only. This is necessary to ensure that the existence of a particular
   * implementation type is an implementation detail.
   */
  private static class SerializedForm<E> implements Serializable {
    final Comparator<? super E> comparator;
    final Object[] elements;

    public SerializedForm(Comparator<? super E> comparator, Object[] elements) {
      this.comparator = comparator;
      this.elements = elements;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Object readResolve() {
      return new Builder<E>(comparator).add((E[]) elements).build();
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream)
      throws InvalidObjectException {
    throw new InvalidObjectException("Use SerializedForm");
  }

  @Override Object writeReplace() {
    return new SerializedForm<E>(comparator, toArray());
  }
}
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