/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.authenticator;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.LoginConfig;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.SecurityCollection;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.SecurityConstraint;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.TesterServlet;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.TomcatBaseTest;
import org.apache.catalina.util.MD5Encoder;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.ByteChunk;
/**
* Test DigestAuthenticator and NonLoginAuthenticator when a
* SingleSignOn Valve is active.
*
* <p>
* In the absence of SSO support, a webapp using NonLoginAuthenticator
* simply cannot access protected resources. These tests exercise the
* the way successfully authenticating a different webapp under the
* DigestAuthenticator triggers the additional SSO logic for both webapps.
*
* <p>
* Note: these tests are intended to exercise the SSO logic of the
* Authenticator, but not to comprehensively test all of its logic paths.
* That is the responsibility of the non-SSO test suite.
*/
public class TestSSOnonLoginAndDigestAuthenticator extends TomcatBaseTest {
private static final String USER = "user";
private static final String PWD = "pwd";
private static final String ROLE = "role";
private static final String HTTP_PREFIX = "http://localhost:";
private static final String CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN = "/nologin";
private static final String CONTEXT_PATH_DIGEST = "/digest";
private static final String URI_PROTECTED = "/protected";
private static final String URI_PUBLIC = "/anyoneCanAccess";
private static final int SHORT_TIMEOUT_SECS = 4;
private static final long SHORT_TIMEOUT_DELAY_MSECS =
((SHORT_TIMEOUT_SECS + 3) * 1000);
private static final int LONG_TIMEOUT_SECS = 10;
private static final long LONG_TIMEOUT_DELAY_MSECS =
((LONG_TIMEOUT_SECS + 2) * 1000);
private static final String CLIENT_AUTH_HEADER = "authorization";
private static final String OPAQUE = "opaque";
private static final String NONCE = "nonce";
private static final String REALM = "realm";
private static final String CNONCE = "cnonce";
private static String NC1 = "00000001";
private static String NC2 = "00000002";
private static String QOP = "auth";
private static String SERVER_COOKIES = "Set-Cookie";
private static String BROWSER_COOKIES = "Cookie";
private List<String> cookies;
/**
* Try to access an unprotected resource without an
* established SSO session.
* This should be permitted.
*/
@Test
public void testAcceptPublicNonLogin() throws Exception {
doTestNonLogin(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN + URI_PUBLIC,
true, false, 200);
}
/*
* Try to access a protected resource without an established
* SSO session.
* This should be rejected with SC_FORBIDDEN 403 status.
*/
@Test
public void testRejectProtectedNonLogin() throws Exception {
doTestNonLogin(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN + URI_PROTECTED,
false, true, 403);
}
/**
* Logon to access a protected resource using DIGEST authentication,
* which will establish an SSO session.
* Wait until the SSO session times-out, then try to re-access
* the resource.
* This should be rejected with SC_FORBIDDEN 401 status, which
* will then be followed by successful re-authentication.
*/
@Test
public void testDigestLoginSessionTimeout() throws Exception {
doTestDigest(USER, PWD, CONTEXT_PATH_DIGEST + URI_PROTECTED,
true, 401, true, true, NC1, CNONCE, QOP, true);
// wait long enough for my session to expire
Thread.sleep(LONG_TIMEOUT_DELAY_MSECS);
// must change the client nonce to succeed
doTestDigest(USER, PWD, CONTEXT_PATH_DIGEST + URI_PROTECTED,
true, 401, true, true, NC2, CNONCE, QOP, true);
}
/*
* Logon to access a protected resource using DIGEST authentication,
* which will establish an SSO session.
* Immediately try to access a protected resource in the NonLogin
* webapp, but without sending the SSO session cookie.
* This should be rejected with SC_FORBIDDEN 403 status.
*/
@Test
public void testDigestLoginRejectProtectedWithoutCookies() throws Exception {
doTestDigest(USER, PWD, CONTEXT_PATH_DIGEST + URI_PROTECTED,
true, 401, true, true, NC1, CNONCE, QOP, true);
doTestNonLogin(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN + URI_PROTECTED,
false, true, 403);
}
/*
* Logon to access a protected resource using DIGEST authentication,
* which will establish an SSO session.
* Immediately try to access a protected resource in the NonLogin
* webapp while sending the SSO session cookie provided by the
* first webapp.
* This should be successful with SC_OK 200 status.
*/
@Test
public void testDigestLoginAcceptProtectedWithCookies() throws Exception {
doTestDigest(USER, PWD, CONTEXT_PATH_DIGEST + URI_PROTECTED,
true, 401, true, true, NC1, CNONCE, QOP, true);
doTestNonLogin(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN + URI_PROTECTED,
true, false, 200);
}
/*
* Logon to access a protected resource using DIGEST authentication,
* which will establish an SSO session.
* Immediately try to access a protected resource in the NonLogin
* webapp while sending the SSO session cookie provided by the
* first webapp.
* This should be successful with SC_OK 200 status.
*
* Then, wait long enough for the DIGEST session to expire. (The SSO
* session should remain active because the NonLogin session has
* not yet expired).
*
* Try to access the protected resource again, before the SSO session
* has expired.
* This should be successful with SC_OK 200 status.
*
* Finally, wait for the non-login session to expire and try again..
* This should be rejected with SC_FORBIDDEN 403 status.
*
* (see bugfix https://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52303)
*/
@Test
public void testDigestExpiredAcceptProtectedWithCookies() throws Exception {
doTestDigest(USER, PWD, CONTEXT_PATH_DIGEST + URI_PROTECTED,
true, 401, true, true, NC1, CNONCE, QOP, true);
doTestNonLogin(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN + URI_PROTECTED,
true, false, 200);
// wait long enough for the BASIC session to expire,
// but not long enough for NonLogin session expiry
Thread.sleep(SHORT_TIMEOUT_DELAY_MSECS);
doTestNonLogin(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN + URI_PROTECTED,
true, false, 200);
// wait long enough for my NonLogin session to expire
// and tear down the SSO session at the same time.
Thread.sleep(LONG_TIMEOUT_DELAY_MSECS);
doTestNonLogin(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN + URI_PROTECTED,
false, true, 403);
}
public void doTestNonLogin(String uri, boolean addCookies,
boolean expectedReject, int expectedRC)
throws Exception {
Map<String,List<String>> reqHeaders =
new HashMap<String,List<String>>();
Map<String,List<String>> respHeaders =
new HashMap<String,List<String>>();
ByteChunk bc = new ByteChunk();
if (addCookies) {
addCookies(reqHeaders);
}
int rc = getUrl(HTTP_PREFIX + getPort() + uri, bc, reqHeaders,
respHeaders);
if (expectedReject) {
assertEquals(expectedRC, rc);
assertTrue(bc.getLength() > 0);
}
else {
assertEquals(200, rc);
assertEquals("OK", bc.toString());
saveCookies(respHeaders);
}
}
public void doTestDigest(String user, String pwd, String uri,
boolean expectedReject1, int expectedRC1,
boolean useServerNonce, boolean useServerOpaque,
String nc1, String cnonce,
String qop, boolean req2expect200)
throws Exception {
String digestUri= uri;
List<String> auth = new ArrayList<String>();
Map<String,List<String>> reqHeaders1 =
new HashMap<String,List<String>>();
Map<String,List<String>> respHeaders1 =
new HashMap<String,List<String>>();
// the first access attempt should be challenged
auth.add(buildDigestResponse(user, pwd, digestUri, REALM, "null",
"null", nc1, cnonce, qop));
reqHeaders1.put(CLIENT_AUTH_HEADER, auth);
ByteChunk bc = new ByteChunk();
int rc = getUrl(HTTP_PREFIX + getPort() + uri, bc, reqHeaders1,
respHeaders1);
if (expectedReject1) {
assertEquals(expectedRC1, rc);
assertTrue(bc.getLength() > 0);
}
else {
assertEquals(200, rc);
assertEquals("OK", bc.toString());
saveCookies(respHeaders1);
return;
}
// Second request should succeed (if we use the server nonce)
Map<String,List<String>> reqHeaders2 =
new HashMap<String,List<String>>();
Map<String,List<String>> respHeaders2 =
new HashMap<String,List<String>>();
auth.clear();
if (useServerNonce) {
if (useServerOpaque) {
auth.add(buildDigestResponse(user, pwd, digestUri,
getAuthToken(respHeaders1, REALM),
getAuthToken(respHeaders1, NONCE),
getAuthToken(respHeaders1, OPAQUE),
nc1, cnonce, qop));
} else {
auth.add(buildDigestResponse(user, pwd, digestUri,
getAuthToken(respHeaders1, REALM),
getAuthToken(respHeaders1, NONCE),
"null", nc1, cnonce, qop));
}
} else {
auth.add(buildDigestResponse(user, pwd, digestUri,
getAuthToken(respHeaders2, REALM),
"null", getAuthToken(respHeaders1, OPAQUE),
nc1, cnonce, QOP));
}
reqHeaders2.put(CLIENT_AUTH_HEADER, auth);
bc.recycle();
rc = getUrl(HTTP_PREFIX + getPort() + uri, bc, reqHeaders2,
respHeaders2);
if (req2expect200) {
assertEquals(200, rc);
assertEquals("OK", bc.toString());
saveCookies(respHeaders2);
} else {
assertEquals(401, rc);
assertTrue((bc.getLength() > 0));
}
}
@Override
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
// create a tomcat server using the default in-memory Realm
Tomcat tomcat = getTomcatInstance();
// associate the SingeSignOn Valve before the Contexts
SingleSignOn sso = new SingleSignOn();
tomcat.getHost().getPipeline().addValve(sso);
// add the test user and role to the Realm
tomcat.addUser(USER, PWD);
tomcat.addRole(USER, ROLE);
// setup both NonLogin, Login and digest webapps
setUpNonLogin(tomcat);
setUpDigest(tomcat);
tomcat.start();
}
private void setUpNonLogin(Tomcat tomcat) throws Exception {
// Must have a real docBase for webapps - just use temp
Context ctxt = tomcat.addContext(CONTEXT_PATH_NOLOGIN,
System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
ctxt.setSessionTimeout(LONG_TIMEOUT_SECS);
// Add protected servlet
Tomcat.addServlet(ctxt, "TesterServlet1", new TesterServlet());
ctxt.addServletMapping(URI_PROTECTED, "TesterServlet1");
SecurityCollection collection1 = new SecurityCollection();
collection1.addPattern(URI_PROTECTED);
SecurityConstraint sc1 = new SecurityConstraint();
sc1.addAuthRole(ROLE);
sc1.addCollection(collection1);
ctxt.addConstraint(sc1);
// Add unprotected servlet
Tomcat.addServlet(ctxt, "TesterServlet2", new TesterServlet());
ctxt.addServletMapping(URI_PUBLIC, "TesterServlet2");
SecurityCollection collection2 = new SecurityCollection();
collection2.addPattern(URI_PUBLIC);
SecurityConstraint sc2 = new SecurityConstraint();
// do not add a role - which signals access permitted without one
sc2.addCollection(collection2);
ctxt.addConstraint(sc2);
// Configure the appropriate authenticator
LoginConfig lc = new LoginConfig();
lc.setAuthMethod("NONE");
ctxt.setLoginConfig(lc);
ctxt.getPipeline().addValve(new NonLoginAuthenticator());
}
private void setUpDigest(Tomcat tomcat) throws Exception {
// Must have a real docBase for webapps - just use temp
Context ctxt = tomcat.addContext(CONTEXT_PATH_DIGEST,
System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
ctxt.setSessionTimeout(SHORT_TIMEOUT_SECS);
// Add protected servlet
Tomcat.addServlet(ctxt, "TesterServlet3", new TesterServlet());
ctxt.addServletMapping(URI_PROTECTED, "TesterServlet3");
SecurityCollection collection = new SecurityCollection();
collection.addPattern(URI_PROTECTED);
SecurityConstraint sc = new SecurityConstraint();
sc.addAuthRole(ROLE);
sc.addCollection(collection);
ctxt.addConstraint(sc);
// Configure the appropriate authenticator
LoginConfig lc = new LoginConfig();
lc.setAuthMethod("DIGEST");
ctxt.setLoginConfig(lc);
ctxt.getPipeline().addValve(new DigestAuthenticator());
}
protected static String getAuthToken(
Map<String,List<String>> respHeaders, String token) {
final String AUTH_PREFIX = "=\"";
final String AUTH_SUFFIX = "\"";
List<String> authHeaders =
respHeaders.get(AuthenticatorBase.AUTH_HEADER_NAME);
// Assume there is only one
String authHeader = authHeaders.iterator().next();
String searchFor = token + AUTH_PREFIX;
int start = authHeader.indexOf(searchFor) + searchFor.length();
int end = authHeader.indexOf(AUTH_SUFFIX, start);
return authHeader.substring(start, end);
}
/*
* Notes from RFC2617
* H(data) = MD5(data)
* KD(secret, data) = H(concat(secret, ":", data))
* A1 = unq(username-value) ":" unq(realm-value) ":" passwd
* A2 = Method ":" digest-uri-value
* request-digest = <"> < KD ( H(A1), unq(nonce-value)
":" nc-value
":" unq(cnonce-value)
":" unq(qop-value)
":" H(A2)
) <">
*/
private static String buildDigestResponse(String user, String pwd,
String uri, String realm, String nonce, String opaque, String nc,
String cnonce, String qop) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
String a1 = user + ":" + realm + ":" + pwd;
String a2 = "GET:" + uri;
String md5a1 = digest(a1);
String md5a2 = digest(a2);
String response;
if (qop == null) {
response = md5a1 + ":" + nonce + ":" + md5a2;
} else {
response = md5a1 + ":" + nonce + ":" + nc + ":" + cnonce + ":" +
qop + ":" + md5a2;
}
String md5response = digest(response);
StringBuilder auth = new StringBuilder();
auth.append("Digest username=\"");
auth.append(user);
auth.append("\", realm=\"");
auth.append(realm);
auth.append("\", nonce=\"");
auth.append(nonce);
auth.append("\", uri=\"");
auth.append(uri);
auth.append("\", opaque=\"");
auth.append(opaque);
auth.append("\", response=\"");
auth.append(md5response);
auth.append("\"");
if (qop != null) {
auth.append(", qop=\"");
auth.append(qop);
auth.append("\"");
}
if (nc != null) {
auth.append(", nc=\"");
auth.append(nc);
auth.append("\"");
}
if (cnonce != null) {
auth.append(", cnonce=\"");
auth.append(cnonce);
auth.append("\"");
}
return auth.toString();
}
private static String digest(String input) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
// This is slow but should be OK as this is only a test
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
MD5Encoder encoder = new MD5Encoder();
md5.update(input.getBytes());
return encoder.encode(md5.digest());
}
/*
* extract and save the server cookies from the incoming response
*/
protected void saveCookies(Map<String,List<String>> respHeaders) {
// we only save the Cookie values, not header prefix
cookies = respHeaders.get(SERVER_COOKIES);
}
/*
* add all saved cookies to the outgoing request
*/
protected void addCookies(Map<String,List<String>> reqHeaders) {
if ((cookies != null) && (cookies.size() > 0)) {
reqHeaders.put(BROWSER_COOKIES + ":", cookies);
}
}
}